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Rapid transit, also known as metro, subway, underground, or colloquially as "the train", is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rapid transit )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Glossary of Transit Terminology )〕 Unlike buses or trams, rapid transit systems are electric railways that operate on an exclusive right-of-way, which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles of any sort,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rapid Transit )〕 and which is often grade separated in tunnels or on elevated railways. Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between stations typically using electric multiple units on rail tracks, although some systems use guided rubber tyres, magnetic levitation, or monorail. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to avoid gaps. They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some rapid transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chicago )〕 It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land. Variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The world's first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a conventional railway in 1863, and now forms part of the London Underground. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, initially a cable-hauled line using static steam engines. The world's largest rapid transit network is the Greater Tokyo rail system with more than 40 million daily passengers〔http://www.mlit.go.jp/kisha/kisha07/01/010330_3/01.pdf〕 and 882 stations within the metropolis.〔http://www.publicpurpose.com/ut-cr-tok.pdf〕 The world's largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of track (, including non-revenue track)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Facts & Figures - Subways )〕 and number of stations (469 stations in total) is the New York City Subway. By length of passenger route, the world's longest single-operator rapid transit system is the Shanghai Metro. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, and the Shanghai Metro. ==Terminology== (詳細はcentral business districts; the use of tunnels inspires names such as ''subway'', ''underground'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Chambers Reference Online )〕 ''Untergrundbahn (U-Bahn)'' in German,〔White, 2002: 63〕 or the ''Tunnelbana (T-bana)'' in Swedish;〔Ovenden, 2007: 93〕 the use of viaducts inspires names such as ''elevated'' (''el'' or ''L''), ''skytrain'',〔Ovenden, 2007: 16〕 ''overhead'', or ''overground''. One of these terms may apply to an entire system, even if a large part of the network (for example, in outer suburbs) runs at ground level. In most of Britain, a ''subway'' is a pedestrian underpass; the terms ''Underground'' and ''Tube'' are used for the London Underground, and the Tyne and Wear Metro, mostly overground, is known as the ''Metro''. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the ''Subway''. Conversely, in the U.S., underground mass transit systems are primarily known as ''subways'', and the term ''metro'' is short for metropolitan area. However the only exception is Washington, D.C.'s subway system the Washington Metro, which is generally called the ''Metro''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「rapid transit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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